ECONOMICS
OF WATER AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Table 1 is a summary of present and future (2020-2030)
costs/status for different energy resources and energy technologies, and a
comparative current cost of different power technologies is given in Table 2.
Table 1 Summary of results of Thematic panel on
Energy Technology
|
Energy resource/technology |
Present |
2020-2030 |
|
1. Oil prices (US$/barrel) |
10.1 |
10-20 |
|
2. Electricity:
Production cost (US cents/KWh):
Consumer cost (US cents/KWh): |
6
8-10 |
3
5-6 |
|
3. Hydropower |
|
Retain market share,
Price 3-6 US cents/KWh
Potential to retrofit existing dams |
|
4. Desalination:
Average cost seawater (US$/m3):
New installations seawater(US$/m3):
New installations brackish(US$/m3): |
1.5-3.0
1.0
0.5 |
0.25-0.50
0.15-0.25 |
|
5. Solar pumping (US$/m3 |
0.40-060 |
0.08-010 |
|
6. Subsidies on energy for water pumping |
|
trend down, but not abolished |
Source:
World water vision, 1999, Paris "Report of the Thematic panel on Energy Technology and its
implications on Water Resources"
Table 2 Comparison of current costs of power technologies
|
Power Technology
|
Installation Costs
(US$/kW)
|
O&M Costs
(UScents/kWh)
|
Electricity Generation Costs
(UScents/kWh)
|
|
Hydro
|
600-2,000
|
-
|
2-8
|
|
Wind
|
800-1,000
|
0.05-0.1
|
5-7
|
|
Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Crystalline Si)
|
3,700
3,900-4,500
|
-
|
-
|
|
Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Thin film amorphous Si)
|
2,600
3,000-5,000
|
-
|
-
|
|
Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Thin film CdTe, year 2000)
|
2,000
|
-
|
-
|
|
Solar - Photovoltaic (Modules, Thin film CIS, year 2000)
|
2,000
|
-
|
-
|
|
Solar - Photovoltaic(BOS)
|
4,300
|
-
|
-
|
|
Solar - Photovoltaic(system)
|
6,000-8,000
11,000-14,000
|
0
|
50-75
|
|
Solar - Thermal/parabolic Trough, 80 MW
|
2,800-3,500
|
-
|
12-17
|
|
Biomass - Direct Combustion
|
2,500
|
-
|
14
|
|
Biomass - Bio-crude combustion
|
1,500
|
-
|
8
|
|
Biomass - Advanced Technologies
|
400-2,500
|
-
|
6-10
|
|
Geothermal - Hydrothermal
(Steam-dominated)
|
1,600-1,700
|
-
|
4-6,2-8
|
|
Geothermal - Hydrothermal
(Water-dominated)
|
2,400-2,500
|
-
|
6,2-8
|
|
Geothermal - Geopresssured (Steam)
|
-
|
-
|
11
|
|
Geothermal - Hot Dry Rock
|
-
|
-
|
4-19
|
|
Ocean - Tidal Barrage (8.6 GW, study)
|
1,800
|
|
8
|
|
Ocean (OTEC, estimate)
|
10,000
|
1
|
12-25
|
|
Nuclear (1,000 MW)
|
2,100-2,300
|
|
2-4
|
|
Gas - Combined Cycle
|
450-650
|
0.35
|
3-4
|
|
Coal - PFBC (100 MW)
|
1,200
|
|
5.4
|
|
Coal - Steam ( 2 x 500 MW, with flue gas treatment, LEC)
|
1,200-1,500
|
1.5-2.0
|
5-10
|
Source: 1998, ABB Environmental Affairs - Renewable Energy -
Hydro, Wind, Solar, Biomass, Geothermal, Ocean - Status and Prospects.
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|
