MEMBRANE PROCESSES

Reverse Osmosis : Introduction

Historical Development
Principle of Reverse Osmosis
Technical and economical relevance of reverse Osmosis

Membrane Distillation

Fundamentals for Membrane Distillation
Membranes for membrane Distillation
Process & equipment in membrane distillation
Membrane distillation Application
Integrated membrane distillation systems

Principles and Practices of Reverse Osmosis

Theory of RO
Basic Water Chemistry
Process Considerations of RO
Pretreatment (RO)
RO Process design
Posttreatment
Brine disposal
RO Equipment
RO Operation and maintenance
Costs (RO)

Practical Aspects of Large-scale Reverse Osmosis Applications

Seawater Desalination
Brackish Water Desalination
Wastewater Treatment
Other Applications of Reverse Osmosis

Reverse Osmosis Process and System Design

General consideration
Basic reverse osmosis plant construction
Basic principles involved in reverse osmosis process
Feed water pre-and product water post-treatment procedures
Operational problems of reverse osmosis system
Instrumentation and automation

Health, Safety and Environmental Considerations

Health hazards of reverse osmosis water desalination
Reverse osmosis effect on the environments

Preparation & Characterization of Ion-exchange Membrane

Classification of ion-exchange membranes
Preparation of ion-exchange membranes
Characterization of ion-exchange membranes
Properties of commercial ion-exchange membranes

Pervaporation

Fundamentals of Pervaporation
Membranes and Modules
Process and Equipment Design
Applications of Pervaporation
Conclusions and Future Directions of Pervaporation

Modelling and calculation of Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes

General Framework and formulation of the problem
Concentration Polarisation
Accumulation of Gel or Porous Precipitate on Membrane Surface
Transport through Porous Matrix
Modeling Driving Force

Survey of Theoretical Approaches to Modelling Pressure-Diven Membrane Processes (Submodels For Trans

Modelling hydrodynamic field
Modelling concentration field
Modelling gel or cake layer accumulation and growth

Hollow-Fiber Membrane

Properties
Processing
Sorbent fibers

Preparation / Characterization of Micro & ultrafiltration Membrane

Preparation of Micro-and Ultrafiltration Membranes
Characterization of Micro- and Ultrafiltration Membranes

Dialysis and Diffusion Dialysis

The Principle of the Process and Fundamentals
Technical and economic relevance
Membranes
Process and equipment design
Process costs, operational problems, and limitations of the Process
Applications
Supplier Industry

Donnan Dialysis

Principles and Fundamentals
Technical and economic relevance
Membrane and System Development
Process and equipment design
Process costs, operational problems, and limitations of the Process
Applications
Supplier Industry

Membrane Seperation Technologies

History
Definition and classification
Performance parameters
Membrane separation processes where the driving force is pressure
Membrane separation processes where the driving force is partial pressure
Membrane separation processes where the driving force is difference in electrical potential
Other Membrane Processes