Why use Renewable Energy in
Desalination
The need of desalination for economic development in the
remote arid areas
The need of energy for desalination
The availability of renewable energy
The economic and social benefits of using renewable
energy for desalination
Examples of arid remote regions where renewable energy
for desalination can have a high economic potential
A Short Historical Review of
Renewable Energy
The renewable energies in the antiquity
The power of the sun
The development of solar distillation
The solar driven desalination
The energy of the mother gaia
The power of aeolos
The power of the moving waters
The impulsive power of poseidon
Renewable Energy Resources
The sun as an energy source
The geothermal energy
The hydraulic energy
Wind energy resources
Biomass as an energy source
Thermal energy from biomass
The Ocean Systems Energy Resources
Solar Distillation
Availability of Solar Radiation
and its Estimation
The sun and the radiation emitted
The extraterrestrial radiation
The co-ordinate systems: The basic solar angles
Computation of insolation at the earth' surface
Application of solar radiation
The impact of solar energy to the environment
Large Active Solar System: Load
Estimation of thermal load
Integration of solar Ponds with
Water Desalination
Historical Background
The solar Pond
Desalination process coupled to the solar pond
Large Active Solar Systems:
Typical Economic Analysis
Cost of solar hot water systems
Cost of conventional hot water system
Effect of inflation
Rate of interest
Method of Life cycle cost
Methodology
Present worth factor
Comparison Methodology
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion
The General Photovoltaic System
Non-concentrating PV systems
Tracking and Concentrating PV system
Electrical Energy Storage
Systems with Internal Storage
Systems with External Storage
Storage Sizing
Thermal Energy Storage
Sensible Heat Storage
Latent Heat (Phase Change) Storage
Combined Sensible and Latent Heat Storage
Some Recent Developments
Mathematical Simulation of a
Solar Desalination Plant
System description
System operating conditions
Mathematical Modeling of system components
Simulation Program
Central Receivers
Heliostates: types and design shapes
Heliostat angles
Heliostat field: heliostat layout
Heliostat field: cosine effect
Heliostat field: preliminary sizing of the field
Heliostat field: usefulness efficiency
Reflected solar radiation
The effective sunshape
Principal images and relation between receiver and image planes
Models to predict the solar flux density distribution on the image plane
Solar flux density distribution on the receiver surface
using the separation of variables/ superposition
technique
Receivers: types and losses
Preliminary sizing of the receiver
Overall system optimization
Development in Simple Solar
Stills
Modified simple (passive) stills
Externally heated (active) stills
Other types of solar distillation systems
Multi-Stage Solar Stills
Why multi-effect?
Double-effect basin stills
Multi-effect multi-wick stills
Multi-effect diffusion stills
Other distillation systems
Materials For Construction of
Solar Stills
General specifications of solar stills
Transparent cover
Evaporator liner
Solar still frame
Sealants
Insulation
Auxiliaries (piping, pumping and reservoirs)
A Solar-Assisted Sea water
Multiple Effect Distillation Plant 15 Years Operating
Performance
Basic Design Concept of Solar desalination
Performance During Commissioning tests
Performance History
Major Maintenance Activities
Evaluation of Water Cost
Flat-Plate Collectors
Solar Collector aoolication
Definitions
Main Collector Components
Characteristics of Flat-Plate Collectors
Dynamic characteristicsof a collector
The thermal characteristics of a collector
Shading of the Collectors
Basic calculation methods
The heat transfer loss coefficients
Evacuated Tube Collectors
Current Designs of Evacuated Tube Collectors
Thermal Analysis
Analysis of Flat Plate Evacuated Tube Collector
Analysis of Concentric-Tube Collector
Performance of Evacuated Tube Collectors
Case Study (Collector Field at the Abu Dhabi Solar
Desalination Plant)
Parabolic Trough Collectors
History of Trough development
State of the Art of trough applications
Trough Technologies
Prospects and Potential
Cost and economic aspects
Economics of Small
Solar-Assisted Multiple-Effect Seawater Distillation
Plants
System Configuration
Design and Sizing Consideration
Economic Ground Rules and Water Cost Optimization
Configuration, Theoretical
Analysis and Performance of Simple Solar Stills
Configuration of Simple Solar Stills
Theoretical Analysis of Simple Solar Stills
Performance of Solar stills
Reverse Osmosis by Solar Energy
Basic Parameters and energy demand for Osmosis
Solar Power conversion Systems
Reverse Osmosis system Configuration and Operation Aspects
Solar Powered desalination units
Costs
Desalination Using Tidal Energy
Tides
Tidal Power Plants
Tidal Desalination Technologies
Economic Comparisons with Wind and Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Worldwide distribution of wind energy resources
Wind turbine technology
Economic, Social and Environmental impacts of Wind
energy utilization
Evaluation of greenhouse warming mitigation potential of
wind power
Tidal Energy
Resources
Technology
Economic Aspects
Environmental Consideration
Prospect
Wave Energy
Resources
Technology
Economic Aspects
Environmental Consideration
Prospect
Availability of Wind Energy and
its Estimation
The Sun as the wind driver
The Nature of wind
Wind power statistics
Estimating Wind Power
Siting for Wind Energy
The Use of Geothermal Energy in
Desalination
Historical perspective
Heat transfer from geothermal reservoirs
Geothermal energy utilization
Electricity generation
Water production from geothermal sources
Idealized liquid-dominated reservoirs
Water and power generation: effects of some system
parameters
Multiple-effect and multistage distillation processes
Energy-budget management
Processes for decentralized desalination
Water-budget management
Solids-budget management
Solar Radiation Energy
(Fundamentals)
